martes, 27 de enero de 2009

Ciclo Robert E. Howard: El Arte de la Guerra en la Edad Hyboria (I)

Fuente:

http://www.aurorabitzine.com/articulos/315.php

Información:

Ciclo Robert E. Howard: El Arte de la Guerra en la Edad Hyboria (I)
Howard nos dejó un mundo donde la guerra formaba parte de día a día. Repasamos a partir de sus textos los métodos de lucha de los fieros guerreros que imaginó.
Por J. Von Ranke

Ciclo Robert E. Howard - El Arte de la Guerra en la Edad Hyboria (I) TEXTOS

I - Batalla entre el ejército de Khoraja y las hordas de Natohk ”el velado”
(fragmentos de El coloso negro, de R.E. Howard)

(...) Bajo la temprana luz del alba, las calles de Khoraja se atestaron de gentes que observaban la partida de las huestes hacia el sur. El ejército se había puesto en camino, al fin. Allí iban los caballeros, con sus brillantes armaduras plateadas y plumas de colores ondeando sobre los bruñidos cascos. Sus caballos, cubiertos de petos de seda, arreos de cuero barnizado y hebillas doradas, piafaban mientras los jinetes les hacían guardar el paso. Los primeros rayos de sol arrancaban reflejos a las puntas de las lanzas, que se alzaban como un bosque por encima de los escuadrones, mientras los pendones ondeaban al viento. Cada uno de los caballeros llevaba una prenda concedida por una dama -un guante, un velo o una flor-, que ataba a su casco o al cinto de la espada. Era la caballería noble de Khoraja, quinientos hombres conducidos por el conde Thespides, quien, según se decía, aspiraba a la mano de la misma Yasmela.
Seguía a éstos la caballería ligera, en apretadas filas. Los jinetes eran montañeses típicos, hombres delgados con rostro de halcón. Llevaba bacinetes en punta, y la cota de malla resplandecía bajo sus amplios caftanes. Su arma principal era el terrible arco shemita, capaz de enviar una flecha a una distancia de quinientos pasos. Había cinco mil jinetes ligeros, a cuya cabeza cabalgaba Agha Shupras, taciturno e inescrutable bajo el casco puntiagudo. A corta distancia los seguían a pie los lanceros de Khoraja. Eran relativamente pocos, al igual que en cualquier otro estado hiborio, donde se estimaba que la caballería era el único cuerpo distinguido y honroso. Estos, al igual que los caballeros, pertenecían a la antigua raza de Koth; eran hijos de familias arruinadas, hombres fracasados, jóvenes sin dinero que no podían pagarse los caballos y las armaduras plateadas. Sumaban unos quinientos.

Los mercenarios cerraban la marcha. Se trataba de un millar de jinetes y dos mil lanceros de a pie. Los esbeltos corceles de la caballería mercenaria parecían recios y salvajes, al igual que sus jinetes, y no piafaban ni daban brincos al andar. Había algo sombrío en el aspecto de aquellos profesionales de la muerte, veteranos de incontables campañas sangrientas. Cubiertos de la cabeza a los pies con cotas de malla, usaban bacinetes sin visera para protegerse la cabeza. Sus escudos eran lisos y sus largas lanzas estaban despojadas de todo adorno. De sus monturas colgaban hachas de guerra y mazas de acero, y llevaban una larga cimitarra en la cintura. Los lanceros iban armados de forma parecida, aunque empuñaban picas en lugar de las lanzas que llevaba la caballería.
Eran hombres de todas las razas, que habían cometido toda clase de crímenes. Entre ellos había altos hiperbóreos, gente delgada, de grandes huesos, pocas palabras y carácter violento; rubios hombres de Gunderland, que procedían de las montañas del noroeste; renegados corinthios, fanfarrones como pocos; cetrinos zingarios, de hirsutos bigotes negros y temperamento fiero, y aquilonios, que llegaban del lejano oeste. Pero todos ellos, salvo los zingarios, eran hiborios.
Detrás de todos ellos venía un camello con espléndidos arreos, conducido por un caballero que montaba en un enorme corcel, rodeado de un escuadrón de guerreros escogidos entre las tropas reales. El que iba en el camello era un personaje delgado y esbelto, vestido de seda. Al verlo, la turba, siempre sensible a la realeza, arrojó los sombreros al aire y lanzó fuertes vítores.


Conan el cimerio, arrogante en su armadura plateada, lanzó una mirada de desaprobación hacia el camello y le dijo algo a Amalric, que cabalgaba a su lado, resplandeciente con su coraza dorada encima de la cota de malla y el casco sobre el que flotaba una cresta de negras crines de caballo.

-La princesa ha querido venir con nosotros. Pero es demasiado delicada y endeble para esto. De todas formas, tendrá que cambiarse de ropa.
Amalric se atusó el rubio bigote para disimular una sonrisa. Pensó que Conan imaginaba que Yasmela empuñaría una espada y tomaría parte activa en la lucha, como hacían a menudo las mujeres bárbaras.

-Las mujeres de los hiborios no combaten como las de los cimerios, Conan -dijo Amalric-. Yasmela sólo viene con nosotros para observar la campaña.


Ciclo Robert E. Howard - El Arte de la Guerra en la Edad Hyboria (I) (...)

Conan, que había observado con creciente inquietud la niebla que avanzaba, se inclinó de pronto y apoyó una oreja en el suelo. Inmediatamente dio un salto y profirió una maldición.


-¡Son caballos y carros de combate! -exclamó-. ¡Son miles y miles y hacen vibrar el suelo a su paso!
A continuación levantó la voz, que resonó estruendosamente por todo el valle, poniendo a las tropas en pie:


-¡Eh, mis hombres! ¡Alzad las picas y alabardas! ¡Formad filas!

Ante estas órdenes, los soldados se alinearon, después de ponerse apresuradamente los cascos y armaduras. En ese momento, la niebla se disipó como si ya no resultara necesaria. No desapareció lentamente, como suele ocurrir, sino que se esfumó como una llama que se extingue. El desierto, oculto un momento antes por el espeso manto blanco, brillaba ahora bajo un cielo soleado y sin nubes. Pero ya no estaba vacío, sino atestado por el aparato viviente de la máquina bélica. Un grito de asombro sacudió las montañas.

A primera vista, los atónitos observadores parecían estar contemplando un fulgurante mar de bronce y oro, sobre el que las puntas de las lanzas titilaban como miríadas de estrellas. Al desaparecer la niebla, los invasores se habían detenido, súbitamente, en líneas apretadas cuyas armas brillaban bajo los rayos del sol.

En primera línea se hallaban los pesados carros de combate, arrastrados por grandes y fieros caballos de Estigia adornados con plumas, que relinchaban inquietos mientras los semidesnudos aurigas se echaban atrás apoyados en sus robustas piernas para tirar con fuerza de las riendas. Los hombres que iban en carros eran guerreros de gran estatura, con rostros e halcón bajo los cascos de bronce y una cimera en forma de media luna sobre una esfera dorada. Empuñaban pesados arcos y se advertía que no eran arqueros comunes; se trataba de nobles del sur, criados para la guerra y la caza, y acostumbrados a abatir leones con sus flechas. Tras ellos aparecía un abigarrado conjunto de hombres de aspecto salvaje, con caballos no menos fieros. Eran los guerreros de Kush, el primero de los grandes reinos negros situados al sur de Estigia. Parecían hechos de ébano pulido y cabalgaban completamente desnudos, sin utilizar sillas de montar bajo su cuerpo ágil y flexible.
Detrás de ellos había unas hordas que parecían reunir a todos los habitantes del desierto. Eran miles y miles de belicosos hijos de Shem, jinetes con armaduras de escamas de metal y cascos cilíndricos. Eran los asshuri de Nippr, Shumir, Eruk y ciudades vecinas; hordas salvajes vestidas de blanco e integradas por diversos clanes nómadas.

(...)

Conan se quedó entre los lanceros. Sabía que los invasores no efectuarían un ataque por el desfiladero para no ponerse al alcance de las flechas de los arqueros, pero lanzó un gruñido de sorpresa al ver que los jinetes enemigos desmontaban. Aquellos salvajes no tenían fuerzas de aprovisionamiento. Las cantimploras y las bolsas de alimentos colgaban de sus sillas de montar. Bebieron la poca agua que les quedaba y luego arrojaron a un lado las cantimploras.

-Esto no me gusta nada -musitó el cimerio-. Hubiera preferido un ataque de caballería por parte de ellos; los animales heridos entorpecen el avance.

las hordas habían formado una enorme cuña cuya punta eran los estigios y el cuerpo los asshuri; los flancos estaban ocupados por los nómadas. Avanzaron lentamente, en cerrada formación y con los escudos levantados, mientras detrás de ellos una sombría figura alzaba los brazos cubiertos por los pliegues de la túnica, en una terrible invocación.
Cuando la horda de atacantes entró en el amplio valle, los montañeses lanzaron sus flechas. A pesar de la fuerte formación defensiva, los hombres del desierto cayeron por docenas. Los estigios habían desechado sus arcos. Con las cabezas inclinadas hacia adelante y los ojos oscuros mirando fieramente por encima del borde de sus escudos, se adelantaron como una marea implacable, pisando a sus compañeros caídos. Los shemitas devolvieron el ataque, y nubes de flechas oscurecieron el cielo. Conan lanzó una mirada por encima de las olas de flechas y se preguntó qué nuevo horror estaría invocando el hechicero. Intuía que Natohk, como todos los de su especie, era más temible en la defensa que en el ataque. Tomar la ofensiva contra él suponía un desastre inevitable.

Seguramente era alguna magia lo que hacía avanzar a las hordas hacia las fauces de la muerte. Conan contuvo el aliento ante la destrucción causada por sus arqueros entre las filas atacantes. Los bordes de la cuña parecían fundirse y el valle estaba sembrado de muerte. Pero los sobrevivientes seguían adelante como locos, inconscientes del desastre. Algo más atrás, los arqueros volvieron a empuñar sus armas y nuevas nubes de flechas se remontaron hacia las posiciones superiores, obligando a los montañeses a ponerse a cubierto. El pánico se apoderó de éstos ante aquel avance irresistible y miraron hacia abajo como lobos atrapados. Cuando la horda estigia cruzó la parte más estrecha del desfiladero, una lluvia de rocas rodó por el talud, aplastando a cientos de invasores. A pesar de ello, el ataque no se detuvo. Los mercenarios de Conan se prepararon para el choque inevitable. Su cerrada formación y sus mejores armaduras impidieron que las flechas enemigas los aniquilaran. El cimerio temía el impacto del ataque cuando la enorme cuña embistiera contra sus filas. En ese momento comprendió que no había forma de evitar la masacre.


Ciclo Robert E. Howard - El Arte de la Guerra en la Edad Hyboria (I)-¡Amalric! -exclamó-. ¡Sigue a este hombre! Él os guiará a ti y a tus tropas hasta el valle exterior. Debes descender y, después de rodear aquella montaña, atacar a las hordas por la retaguardia. ¡No hables y haz lo que te digo! Sé que es una locura, pero de todas formas estamos condenados. Haremos todo el daño que podamos antes de sucumbir. ¡Vamos, poneos en marcha deprisa!


El bigote de Amalric se curvó en una fiera sonrisa. Poco después, los lanceros seguían a su jefe por la maraña de desfiladeros que conducían hasta la planicie. Conan corrió espada en mano hasta donde se hallaban las tropas armadas de picas.
El cimerio llegaba a tiempo. A cada lado del valle, los montañeses de Shupras, enloquecidos por la certeza de la derrota, dejaban caer sus armas con desesperación. Los hombres morían como moscas, tanto en el valle como por las laderas. Con un estruendo ensordecedor, los estigios embistieron al fin contra el resto de las tropas mercenarias.
Las líneas fueron sacudidas por un huracán de acero. Los nobles del desierto, criados para la guerra, se enfrentaban a duros soldados profesionales. Los escudos chocaban entre sí, mientras las lanzas sembraban la muerte.
Conan distinguió la poderosa figura del príncipe Kutamún a través del mar de espadas, pero la presión de los atacantes lo mantenía pecho contra pecho ante oscuros combatientes que jadeaban y asestaban mandobles a diestra y siniestra. Y es que detrás de los estigios, los asshuri llegaban a manadas, al tiempo que lanzaban sus gritos tribales.
Los nómadas del ejército enemigo treparon por los riscos que había a ambos lados del valle y se enzarzaron en una lucha cuerpo a cuerpo con los montañeses. El combate feroz se generalizó por toda la cordillera. Con uñas y dientes, enloquecidos por el fanatismo de antiguas querellas, los nómadas y los montañeses mataban y morían. Con la melena al viento, los desnudos kushitas se mezclaron en la refriega profiriendo aullidos.
Conan tuvo la sensación de que sus ojos, velados por el sudor, contemplaban un océano de acero que ondulaba, avanzaba y retrocedía, llenando el valle de lado a lado. La batalla estaba en su punto culminante y más sangriento. Los montañeses se mantenían en las cimas y los mercenarios, aferrando sus ensangrentadas picas, resistían en el centro del desfiladero. La superioridad de la posición y la calidad de las armaduras defensivas compensaban la abrumadora superioridad numérica de los enemigos. Pero aquello no podía durar demasiado: oleada tras oleada, los rostros feroces y las lanzas resplandecientes seguían ascendiendo por las laderas. Los asshuri llenaban los huecos que dejaban los estigios caídos.
El cimerio miró hacia la cordillera occidental para ver si aparecían las lanzas de Amalric, pero no vio nada. Los lanceros comenzaban a retroceder ante la embestida de las gentes del desierto. Conan abandonó entonces toda esperanza de victoria e incluso de supervivencia. Al tiempo que daba una orden a sus capitanes, se abrió paso entre los combatientes y corrió por la meseta en dirección a las tropas de infantería que se mantenían más atrás con reserva, temblando de ansiedad. Ni siquiera miró hacia la tienda de Yasmela. Había olvidado totalmente a la princesa. Su único pensamiento era el instinto salvaje de matar antes de morir.

-¡Hoy os convertís en caballeros! -dijo el cimerio con una risa salvaje mientras señalaba con su espada los caballos de los montañeses, que estaban agrupados cerca de allí-. ¡Montad en los corceles y acompañadme al infierno!
Conan seguía riendo con expresión sombría al tiempo que guiaba hacia una ramificación de la planicie a quinientos infantes -patricios empobrecidos, segundones, ovejas descarriadas de buenas familias- montados en caballos shemitas semisalvajes. Atacaban a un ejército en un terreno inclinado donde ninguna caballería hubiese osado hacerlo.
Atravesaron la garganta del desfiladero con un ruido atronador, pisando los cuerpos caídos que cubrían el suelo. El terreno todavía era bastante escarpado, y una veintena de caballos resbalaron y cayeron rodando con sus jinetes. Más abajo, los hombres proferían maldiciones y arrojaban sus armas. El impacto del ataque era como una avalancha que se abre camino por entre un bosque de árboles jóvenes. Los improvisados caballeros fueron dejando tras de sí una alfombra de cuerpos caídos.


Y entonces, cuando la horda se revolvía y se replegaba sobre sí misma, los lanceros de Amalric, después de abrirse paso a través de una columna de jinetes que habían encontrado en el valle exterior, irrumpieron por el recodo de la cordillera occidental y atacaron a las huestes del desierto con la fiereza que da la desesperación. Su ataque llevaba consigo la sorpresa que desmoraliza al enemigo. Creyéndose rodeados por unas fuerzas muy superiores y temerosos de quedar aislados del desierto que era su morada, muchos nómadas dieron media vuelta e iniciaron una huida tumultuosa, causando estragos entre las filas de las tropas más ordenadas que tenían detrás. En las laderas de las montañas, los hombres del desierto veían el cariz que tomaban la batalla en terreno llano, y los montañeros que estaban a la defensiva, por su parte, cayeron sobre sus enemigos con renovada furia y los rechazaron hacia el valle.


Desconcertados, los guerreros del desierto rompieron filas sin ver, en su precipitación, que sólo los atacaba un puñado de hombres. Y cuando una tropa heterogénea y numerosa se desorganiza en la lucha, ni un mago es capaz de volver a agruparla. A través del mar de cabezas y lanzas, los hombres de Conan vieron que los jinetes de Amalric avanzaban imparables entre los anárquicos combatientes del desierto. Un júbilo victorioso se apoderó de ellos. Con el corazón lleno de una fuerza indómita, sus brazos parecían aún más diestros en el manejo de las lanzas.
Por su parte, los alabarderos que se encontraban en el desfiladero afirmaron los pies en el suelo resbaladizo, enrojecido por la sangre, e iniciaron el avance, chocando brutalmente contra las filas que tenían enfrente. Los estigios resistieron, pero, más atrás, los asshuri comenzaron a ceder. Los mercenarios embistieron entonces contra los nobles del desierto, que sucumbieron en sus puestos hasta el último hombre.
Arriba, entre los riscos, el viejo Shupras yacía con una flecha clavada en el corazón. A Amaine lo habían derribado del caballo y maldecía como un pirata mientras se apretaba una herida que tenía en una pierna. De la infantería montada de Conan apenas quedaban ciento cincuenta hombres sobre sus caballos. Pero la horda estaba destrozada. Nómadas y arqueros huían hacia los campamentos, donde estaban sus caballos, mientras los montañeses descendían por las laderas atacando a los fugitivos por la espalda con los sables y cortando las cabezas a los heridos.

Ciclo Robert E. Howard - El Arte de la Guerra en la Edad Hyboria (I)

Ciclo Robert E. Howard - El Arte de la Guerra en la Edad Hyboria (I)Conan se incorporó con el rostro empapado de sangre bajo el abollado casco y observó mareado el panorama de destrucción que se ofrecía a sus ojos. Los cadáveres yacían por todas partes, como una alfombra roja que cubriera el valle. Y abajo, en el desierto, continuaba la masacre. Los sobrevivientes habían llegado hasta sus caballos y se desparramaban por la planicie, perseguidos por los vencedores. Conan quedó espantado al ver el menguado grupo a que éstos habían quedado reducidos.


LOS PERGAMINOS DE
MÖHBIUS DE NUMALIA

Möhbius de Numalia fue, si no otra cosa, un hombre producto de su tiempo. Este insolente arribista, nacido en los años anteriores al ascenso del rey Conan al trono de Aquilonia, recorrió el occidente hiborio como mercenario y espía, destacando como una de las mentes más innovadoras en el ámbito de la estrategia militar.




Condottiere de éxito, no se dispone de datos detallados sobre su vida, excepto que desempeñó durante algún tiempo el cargo de general de mercenarios en el ejército argoseo (hasta que fue expulsado del mismo de forma más o menos ignominiosa) y en diversas ciudades shemitas; fue posteriormente tutor del heredero al trono de Brithunia, y acabó su carrera, según se cree, como maestro de espías del conde Trocero de Poitain, o como capitán de su guardia, o ambas dos cosas. Durante los últimos años del reinado del rey Conan (en cuyo ascenso al trono se encontró, si bien indirectamente, involucrado) escribió un conjunto de pensamientos, aforismos y descripciones militares y antropológicas acerca de los reinos que recorrió en su juventud.


I. De los ejércitos

Una clasificación de los ejércitos de la Edad Hiboria podría realizarse atendiendo a los tipos de tropas que los componen, que pueden resumirse como sigue:

(CONTINUARÁ)

Acero y Magia: Conan. La Guía Definitiva de la Era Hyboria

Fuente:

http://www.aurorabitzine.com/articulos/623.php

Información:

Acero y Magia: Conan. La Guía Definitiva de la Era Hyboria
En el mundo de Conan, la barbarie era el estado natural de la humanidad. Era el tipo de mundo en que la gente asumía que todos los demás eran enemigos hasta que no se demostrase lo contrario. La pátina de la civilización era fina y quebradiza, y si uno arañaba su delicada superficie, brotaba a raudales un mundo peligroso y rebosante de violencia y crueldad.
Por Alfonso Abad
Acero y Magia - Conan. La Guía Definitiva de la Era Hyboria Con este peculiar título llega a nuestras manos un espectacular tomo publicado por Timun Mas. Y digo peculiar porque la guía, en caso de ser definitiva, lo sería acerca del afamado cimmerio que ascendió en la pirámide social de su época desde bárbaro errante hasta el trono del más poderoso reino; ya que acerca del resto de personajes célebres de esa era nunca soñada no habla apenas o no lo hace en absoluto. Pero no adelantemos acontecimientos…


1. La obra

Este precioso tomo tiene el formato de sus congéneres, que podemos encontrar en librerías especializadas, acerca de otros personajes célebres del cómic. Como aquéllas, goza de su espectacularidad y de sus defectos, pero una obra con tales pretensiones (las cumpla o no) siempre es bien recibida si es realizada con seriedad.
Y éste es el caso.
No olvidemos que Conan ya no es (quizá no lo vuelva a ser) un ente aislado para el cómic de su homólogo literario. Lo mismo podemos decir del bárbaro de las películas que todos conocemos. En este momento, Dark Horse está desarrollando un personaje serio y multifacetado, una gema tridimensional con el mismo aspecto se observe desde el ángulo que se observe: los cómics se basan con firmeza en los relatos, y su estética se contempla también en las preciosas figuras que nos tientan desde los escaparates de las tiendas. Las ilustraciones de los juegos de rol son los mismos uniformes de los juegos de videoconsolas. Es posible encontrar referencias en las novelas “La era de Conan”, basadas únicamente en el mundo hyborio (me cuesta hiborio, lo lamento) que se repiten en los cómics que en este momento están a la venta (como paralelismos entre “Anok, hereje de Estigia” y “El libro de Thot”. No me cabe ninguna duda de que, en caso de realizarse la película que todos ansiamos, respetaría los cánones actuales.
La guía definitiva de la era Hiboria es un producto que cuadra perfectamente en este marco. Un intento de acercar al nuevo lector en un envoltorio irresistible, una venta segura para incondicionales que nunca han disfrutado de algo que tenga estas características… Y ¿a quién han encargado tan magna obra?

A los mejores, por supuesto.

Acero y Magia - Conan. La Guía Definitiva de la Era Hyboria 2. El estudio de una leyenda

Efectivamente, sólo Roy Thomas puede realizar una obra así sin ruborizarse por la vergüenza. Probablemente el mejor conocedor del cimmerio y sus correrías después de su mismo creador, realiza un esfuerzo comprensivo con el fin de sintetizar toda su vida a lo largo de unas páginas. Y esto está bien, pero las trabas han sido tantas que un buen resultado era imposible. Existen dos Conan distintos y que, pese a la juventud de uno, ya han demostrado ser difíciles de conciliar. El de Marvel es complejo en su enorme veteranía, basado en una serie de relatos originales pero también en adaptaciones, junto con abundantes etapas sin más base que la imaginación de los guionistas. Además, pertenece a otra época y eso se nota en su forma de actuar, en sus diálogos. Es noblote, valiente y caballeroso.
El de Dark Horse es próximo únicamente al original (al menos, por ahora), simple y directo en su juventud. Su forma de ser es mucho más próxima a esta agresiva época en que vivimos.

Pero no sólo su actitud les diferencia, sino también las cronologías en que se sitúan los relatos de Howard, ya que el texano no estableció de forma taxativa una clara.
¿Y cómo sortea el señor Thomas este problema?
De ninguna forma. Hay unas crónicas oficiales (los originales de Howard), y el resto son leyendas, tanto las de una editorial como de la otra, son leyendas que comenta como posibles en su azarosa existencia. Sobre el papel, un follón: rumores dicen que… mientras que otros que… y otros más que… y así una vez y otra, haciendo la lectura complicada y poco amena. Quizá hubiera debido cortar por lo sano, pero al menos así el lector neófito comprenderá la inmensidad de la tarea que le queda por delante si pretende hacerse a estas alturas con el corpus conanista (perdón por la expresión).
Observar que en un par de ocasiones hay referencias a historias inéditas en España…
Por otra parte, el libro está estructurado en capítulos ordenados de forma cronológica (de forma más o menos discutible, según uno prefiera uno u otro orden) y desarrollados detallando los considerados como momentos culminantes de esa época, o los personajes más relevantes en su vida.
Por último, aunque no pertenezca claramente en esta sección, comentar que el prólogo del señor McFarlane apoya la tesis del guerrero bárbaro como un personaje íntegro en todas sus facetas.

Acero y Magia - Conan. La Guía Definitiva de la Era Hyboria 3. La ilustración

En mi opinión, el dibujo que embellece las páginas de este tomo, es lo mejor del mismo. Aquí y allá los ojos son abrumados por unas maravillosas obras de múltiples dibujantes, de lo mejor que puedo recordar en este momento.
Hay ilustraciones actuales mezcladas con las clásicas, en las épocas en que se ha desarrollado la vida del aventurero cimmerio; únicamente las de Marvel en los puntos en que aún no ha sido así. En color o en blanco y negro, viñetas, páginas, portadas… algunos tamaños se han retocado (casi todos), pero el resultado siempre es espectacular. Hay algunas ilustraciones que permanecen inéditas en España (como las de Lobos más allá de la frontera, página 129) o incluso iluminadas con un color arrebatado del original en las ediciones que conocemos (como en El Dios manchado de Sangre, página 49.
El elenco de dibujantes seleccionados con este magnífico fin es espectacular y no se han regateado los medios para conseguir ver reflejados de forma gráfica los más memorables momentos de la vida de Conan.


4. La traducción

El punto débil de esta edición, a mi parecer, es su traducción. El señor Mata, que realizó una muy buena para la última edición de los relatos de Howard, no ha estado muy fino en este caso. O mal asesorado. O ambas cosas.
Me explico. Como profundo desconocedor del idioma cuyo dominio es más importante en la actualidad (el inglés), puedo suponer que en determinados casos puede traducirse un término de dos formas distintas, respetando el original. Así supongo que ocurre con La Mujer de Hueso. Esta bruja, que en Conan: la leyenda conocemos como La Huesuda, seguramente no podrá quejarse del cuidado en el trato por el Sr. Mata de su nombre original. Es probable que no haya leído los cómics, y no conozca su apelativo en los mismos. Pero en este caso, alguien que sí los conociera debería haberle corregido, y a otra cosa.
Pero hay términos que hasta yo comprendo que no están traducidos correctamente, como es el caso de Úrsula /Ursla, Ofir/Ophir o la princesa Chabala (ésta es mi favorita) y Nziga; y de estos últimos está plagado el texto.
También hay traducciones equívocas (y éstas son las más peligrosas): en el apartado de la princesa Tascela, se nos relata cómo Conan persigue hacia las catacumbas a la sirvienta que intenta adormecer a Valeria con la flor del loto. Esto, en el original, no es así.


5. Lo mejor

La espectacularidad de una obra como no había otra hasta el momento, la cuidada selección de las imágenes y el hecho de que únicamente se dé como completamente cierto lo relatado por Robert E. Howard.


6. Lo peor

La traducción, poco afortunada. Y la selección de algunos apartados de la vida del cimmerio, habitualmente debido a la espectacularidad de las ilustraciones (¿de verdad Thak fue tan importante como para tener una página aparte de la de Murilo?). La imposibilidad de hablar de muchos personajes que conviven con el Conan-Marvel, por problemas de derechos.
En fin, pese a estos problemas… ojalá tuviera siempre que quejarse de ediciones tan excelentes como ésta.

Webs de Referencia (XXIX) :: Aurora Bitzine

"Aurora Bitzine, Fantasía y Ciencia Ficción". Se trata de un magazine de internet, completamente gratuito, y repleto de artículos sobre cualquier temática friki de las que nos gustan a los roleros.

Sacan un número aproximadamente cada mes, y todos los demás están siempre disponibles.

¿Crees que exagero al afirmar que es uno de los mejores sitios de internet que he visto en mi vida? Bueno: Compruébalo tú:

http://www.aurorabitzine.com/

Barack Obama: The Naked Emperor

Venga: Que no se diga que he dejado de ser un sociópata conspiranoico psicótico completamente alejado de la realidad y con ideas delirantes y falsas. Aquí teneis este artículo de David Icke para que los ojos se os salten de las órbitas.

Fuentes:

http://www.atlanteanconspiracy.com/2009/01/david-icke-on-obama.html
http://www.davidicke.com/content/view/18281

Información:

Barack Obama: The Naked Emperor

By David Icke

PLEASE CIRCULATE AS WIDELY AS POSSIBLE. THE LINK TO SEND PEOPLE IS:

WWW.DAVIDICKE.COM/OBAMA

I am writing this in the last days of 2008 as I watch with dismay as vast numbers of people across the world, including many who should know better, have been duped by the mind-game called Operation Obama.

Even people with some understanding of the conspiracy have said things like: 'Well, at least he's not Bush' and 'Well, at least it's great to see such a new spirit of hope'. No, he's not Bush - he's potentially far more dangerous; and what is the use of a spirit of 'hope' if it's based on a lie? In fact, what use is 'hope' at all?

Obama's wife, Michelle, who I wouldn't trust to tell me the date in a calendar factory, said that 'everything begins and ends with hope'. Utter nonsense. Hope is a meaningless emotion because its fruits are always in the future and, by definition, never in the NOW.

Hope is like riding a carousel horse; no matter how fast you go you never get closer to the one in front. The idea, however, is to persuade you to stay on the horse, despite the evitable disappointment, in the 'hope' that things will change. But they don't because the very system is designed to prevent it.

That's the way 'hope' is employed by the dastardly and devious - take the crap we are giving you now in the 'hope' that things will get better (but we know they won't). Barack Obama is a purveyor of 'hope' because his masters want the people to accept what they are given now in the hope that good times will come.

Just do what we demand, oops, sorry, Barack demands, and in return he'll inspire you to hope that it is all leading to the Promised Land. It isn't, but, by the time you realise that, it's too late.

What terrifies the manipulators is that people will abandon hope, as a future, sometime-never projection, and start to demand fairness, justice and freedom now. To avoid this nightmare they need to keep those desires as something to aspire to, not to actually have.

Thus, their man, Obama, sells 'hope' as a diversion technique, a holding position, to keep the masses from truly rebelling. We have no job, no food on the table and our home has been foreclosed, but at least we have 'hope'. Phew, thank goodness for that.

'I'm hungry, mum, can I have some hope, please?'

'I'm so sorry, darling, you can't have hope today, only tomorrow - hope is always tomorrow.'

'So will I eat tomorrow, mum?'

'We can hope so now, dear, but when we get to tomorrow, we can only hope it's the next day.'

On and on it goes. That's how 'hope' works. Or rather doesn't.

Obama's predominant mantra has been 'change'. Indeed, his massively-funded, record-breaking campaign was based on that one word - change. This is a technique used by Bill Clinton and many others and it is highly effective because, at any point, the system ensures that most people are not happy with the way life is. So, when you don't like the status quo, 'change' can be a potent message, even if, like Obama, you don't say what it means.

It has been vital to his success, and that of his controllers, that he has never specified what his 'hope', 'change', and that other mind-control trigger-word, 'believe', were referring to in terms of policy and the way society in general will be affected. Hope for what? Change what? Believe in what? To answer those questions with specifics would have been fatal to Obama's appeal.

I studied the military/government mind-control programmes and techniques in great detail for many years during the late-1990s and across 2000, and the Obama 'phenomenon' is the most blatant mass-mind control operation you could wish to see.

At its core the plan has been to make Obama the focus of everything you hope for, believe in and want to change. This is why it has been crucial for him not to specify and detail what is meant by his 'hope, 'change' and 'believe'.

However, I can tell you what those words mean in the context of the Obama mind-game. They mean whatever you decide they mean or want them to mean. The idea is for you to project all that you stand for onto him and so he becomes the symbol of you and how you see the world. Specifics would destroy that 'I am whatever you want me to be' scenario and so you don't get any detail, just 'hope', 'change', and 'believe'.

They don't want him to be seen only as 'the Messiah'; they also want him to be Abraham Lincoln, JFK, or Buddha - anyone you choose to project on him, for he is a blank page, blank screen and empty suit. Obama is a make-your-own, do-it-yourself leader, a projection of your own mind. (If you are still asleep, that is. If you are in any way awake, he's an open book.)

See the video How Obama Got Elected to see how easy it is to manipulate the masses. It's child's play. Click here ...

'I am whatever you want me to be, for I am just a projection of you. And I got a big smile, see.'

There is no more powerful way of manipulating people than to tell them what they want to hear and to keep shtum about anything they wouldn't like. Double-glazing salesmen are trained to pick up in general conversation what their target likes and dislikes and to respond accordingly in the way the product is sold. The technique is simply to tell the potential buyer what you have gleaned they want to be told.

Obama comes from the same stable, but on a massively bigger scale and with a whole network of advisors and controllers steeped in the art of manipulating minds, opinions and actions.

Obama's written-for-him speeches are not from the heart, but from the autocue. The 'heart' bit comes from extensive training and his Bill Clintonesque ability to 'mean it when he says it', a state of delivery that goes beyond mere acting. Tony Blair was trained in the same way.

But if you take a step back and look at these people dispassionately you can clearly see the techniques they consciously employ. Blair is the most blatant fraud in the way he delivers a line, stops in mid-sentence for emphasis and looks down for fake emotional effect. Obama is a little more slick, but, from where I have been looking this past year, not much. And how have people not seen those cold eyes just above the painted smile?

You can watch his mind working, turning between autocue screens to his left and right, then straight down the camera for his key messages. From-the-heart orators don't do that; they are too immersed in what they are feeling and saying to give even a passing thought to where they are looking or how the line is delivered.

I worked in television for more than a decade, often reading autocue while a director spoke in my ear telling me what cameras to look at. I have, since the early 1990s, spoken my truth on public stages across the world. I know, therefore, the difference between artificial autocue delivery and body language and talking from the heart without a script. Obama, I repeat, is coming from the autocue, not the heart.

Obama's speeches are a mass of mind-control techniques and Neuro-Linguistic-Programming, or NLP, and they are carefully constructed to implant beliefs and perceptions into the mind of the viewer. Click here for a description of his psycho-babble, headed An Examination of Obama's Use of Hidden Hypnosis Techniques in His Speeches.

As I keep emphasising, the whole Obama circus is an exercise in mass mind control and it has been so successful because so many people live their lives in a permanent state of trance. All of which brings me to the parallels with Nazi Germany, fascist Italy and similar regimes throughout history.

Obama may not look like Hitler, nor sound like Hitler, but the themes are just the same. Germany was in a terrible state economically and militarily in the 1930s in the aftermath of the First World War and the reparations inflicted on the country by the Rothschild/Illuminati-controlled Versailles 'Peace' Conference in 1919.

From amid the chaos came the man that Germans saw then in much the same way that so many see Obama today. His name was Adolf Hitler and his oratory and rhetoric, again supported by a ritualistic presentation founded on mind-control techniques, made him appear to be the German 'messiah', the German Obama.

Hitler promised 'change', 'hope' and something to 'believe in' amidst the consequences of war and financial collapse. He spoke to vast rallies of adoring followers and a mass movement emerged in support of Hitler's vision of a new tomorrow.

As the writer Webster Tarpley points out, fascism in its true sense is not just a Police State imposed by a tiny hierarchy. It might end up like that, but first it is brought to power by a mass movement from within the people who have no understanding of what the 'change', hope' and 'believe' they are being offered really means. They just know that they want some because, as with Obama, they make it mean what they want it to mean. Only later do they see, to their horror, what they have signed up for.

Obama's America ...

... Hitler's Germany.

There may seem to be a world of difference, but the techniques are just the same.

Obama is far more dangerous than Bush because he can sell a line to those who are in the trance while Boy Bush could not do that on anything like the same scale. Bush was a transparent idiot with no communication skills who needed massive fraud at the polls to get him officially 'elected'. He could never be the figurehead to inspire a mass movement of the people to support some vacuous 'hope', 'change' and 'believe' when they don't even know what those words are supposed to mean.

But Obama clearly can, because he has.

One of 'his' (his controllers') prime targets are the young, just as they were with the Nazis and the Hitler Youth Movement. If you think this parallel is far-fetched then have a look at this video to see how extreme Obama worship has already become for some young people. Hitler Youth was just the same. Click here to watch ...

In line with this theme, the WorldNetDaily website reported:

'The official website of President-Elect Barack Obama, Change.gov, originally announced that Obama would "require" all middle school through college students to participate in community service programs; but after a flurry of blogs protested children being drafted into Obama's proposed youth corps, the website's wording was softened.

Originally, under the tab "America Serves", Change.gov read, "President-Elect Obama will expand national service programs like AmeriCorps and Peace Corps and will create a new Classroom Corps to help teachers in under served schools, as well as a new Health Corps, Clean Energy Corps, and Veterans Corps.

"Obama will call on citizens of all ages to serve America, by developing a plan to require 50 hours of community service in middle school and high school and 100 hours of community service in college every year," the site announced.'

For the full story, click here ...

Obama said in a speech in July 2008 in Colorado Springs that he wanted to see a 'civilian national security force' that would be as powerful and well-funded as the Marines, Navy and Air Force. As Joseph Farah, founder of WorldNetDaily, wrote:

'If we're going to create some kind of national police force as big, powerful and well funded as our combined U.S. military forces, isn't this rather a big deal? I thought Democrats generally believed the U.S. spent too much on the military.

How is it possible their candidate is seeking to create some kind of massive but secret national police force that will be even bigger than the Army, Navy, Marines and Air Force put together? Is Obama serious about creating some kind of domestic security force bigger and more expensive than that? If not, why did he say it? What did he mean?'

Obama meant, amid the flowery words, that he's not in favour of either peace or freedom. He is a front-man demagogue for the same force that controlled Boy Bush, Clinton, Father Bush, Reagan, Carter, ad infinitum; but the difference is that he has been hyped to such hysterical proportions that he will be allowed to get away with far more than they were, at least until reality dawns on the mass ranks of his hypnotised supporters. And, clearly, that could take some time.

The cabal will be anxious to squeeze every minute from Obama's honeymoon period and we can expect to see events move quickly after his inauguration in January.

When I was a journalist 30 years ago, I came across a technique that some tabloid newspaper reporters would use to get someone to speak with them. They would work in pairs with the first one knocking on the door of some distressed family who didn't want to talk with the media. He would tell them he was from a newspaper he didn't really work for and treat them with aggression and contempt to make them even more upset.

He would then leave and his colleague would knock on the door, tell them the real newspaper he was from, and act like Mr. Nice Guy. He would say that he understood completely how upsetting the other man must have been, but 'if you will only speak to me exclusively I will make sure that the other man, nor anyone like him, won't bother you again'. They usually agreed and the scam was complete.

Much the same thing is happening with regard to Bush and Obama. The Neoconservative 'Republican' wing of the Illuminati controlled Bush for eight years and led the country into foreign wars and financial chaos (bad guy/problem); now the 'Democratic' wing, led by the infamous Zbigniew Brzezinski, has brought forth the 'saviour', Barack Obama, to lead us into the sunshine with 'hope' and 'change' (good guy/solution).

Hence even some more aware people say: 'At least he's not Bush'.

Apart from the unspecified 'hope, 'change' and 'believe', few have any idea what Obama's policies will be. Public perception comes from having an 'image' of him, or a self-projection, not the fine print because Obama doesn't do fine print until the votes are cast and even then he will hide it in his windbag words.

There is an 'image' that Obama is against war, but no he's not. He says he's against the invasion of Iraq, though we'll see what he does about that in office. How can a man calling for more troops, including European troops, to be sent to Afghanistan be against war? He has also said he is prepared to bomb Pakistan and use military force to stop Iran building nuclear weapons and he has appointed Hillary 'Let's bomb 'em' Clinton (Bilderberg Group, Trilateral Commission, Council on Foreign Relations) as Secretary of State and re-appointed Bush's 'Let's bomb 'em' Secretary of Defense, Robert Gates (Bilderberg Group, Council on Foreign Relations). So that's the 'change we can believe in', then.

Obama isn't against war at all and, if his controllers have their way, he will engage the US in even more foreign conflicts with the troops sent to their deaths, and the deaths of their targets, on a wave of oratory from the dark suit with the black face who would never go where he's sending them.

He claims to be a 'uniter', which is exactly what Bush said about himself before he came to office, but unity in and of itself is not the issue. Nazi Germany had unity in the early years of the war, but was that a good thing? What matters is what the unity is designed to achieve and Obama's much-vaunted 'unity' is to 'inspire' a mass movement to support the Orwellian plans of the Illuminati.

His constant rhetoric about 'bringing people together' can be used to justify the 'coming together' of the United States, Canada and Mexico in the North American Union; it can be used to concede America's sovereignty to the 'coming together' of the 'world community' (world dictatorship); it can be used to unite the believers in their opposition and condemnation of non-believers, which is precisely what happened in Nazi Germany with the book-burning and violent suppression of those who challenged the Hitler regime.

The potential of Obama Mania is endless when it comes to selling fascism as 'hope, change', 'freedom' and a 'New America', or 'New World' [Order].

Bush and Cheney were transparent warmongers and would always have struggled to bring in the draft, the compulsory enlistment of people into the military against their will. But it would not be as difficult for Obama in the current climate. For goodness sake, he's already talking about compulsory community service for middle school, high school and college students and creating a peoples' army in America.

That's why I say Obama is far more dangerous to freedom than Bush. In the last eight years Bush could only get part of the way to fascism - Obama has the potential to finish the job, for all the reasons I have mentioned and more.

You only have to look at the cabal behind Obama, and those he has already appointed to his administration team, to see what his 'change' is truly planned to be. His mentor, svengali and main controller is Zbigniew Brzezinski, Jimmy Carter's National Security Advisor, and the co-founder, with David Rockefeller, of the Illuminati's Trilateral Commission.

Brzezinski has admitted publicly that he began to fund and train what he would call today 'terrorists' in Afghanistan to oppose the Soviet-controlled government in the capital, Kabul, in the late 1970s. The idea, he said, was to entice the Soviet Union to invade Afghanistan to protect the Kabul regime and thus give the rival superpower 'their Vietnam'. The plan worked at the cost of a million Afghan lives during the Soviet occupation from 1979 to 1989, a consequence that troubles Brzezinski not at all.

Brzezinski's 'freedom fighters' would become known as the 'Mujahideen' and later the Taliban and what is claimed to be 'Al-Qaeda'. This is the man behind 'anti-war', Barack Obama. It was common knowledge that President Carter would do nothing involving foreign policy without the okay from Brzezinski, the co-founder of the Trilateral Commission which chose Carter for president.

It is one of many great ironies of the Obama presidency that he is demanding massive troop reinforcements to be sent to Afghanistan to fight the Taliban terrorists who were initially armed, trained and organised by Brzezinski, the man behind Obama. As Morpheus says in The Matrix: 'Fate, it seems, is not without its sense of irony'.

But then, in Brzezinski's case, it is not 'fate', but cold calculation that has brought it all about. The Poland-born Brzezinski has a fierce hatred of Russia and that is still one of his key targets, together with China.

And if they are Brzezinski's targets, they are Obama's targets.

The Trilateral Commission and the wider Brzezinski network, including Illuminati fronts like the Ford Foundation, have now chosen Obama and the situation will be the same. Brzezinski will call the shots; Obama's job is simply to sell them to the people. This is rather alarming when you think that Brzezinski wants to trigger a war involving Russia and China. 'Obama's' policies come straight from Brzezinski's books. Here is one Brzezinski quote you might recognise and it was made before Obama ran for president:

'Needed social reassessment ... can be encouraged by deliberate civic education that stresses the notion of service to a higher cause than oneself. As some have occasionally urged, a major step in that direction would be the adoption of an obligatory period of national service for every young adult, perhaps involving a variety of congressionally approved domestic or foreign good works.'

Now where have I heard that before?

As an Illuminati operative, Brzezinski's aim is to create a world government, central bank, currency and army - a global dictatorship - underpinned by a microchipped population connected to a global computer/satellite system. He wrote a book in 1970, Between Two Ages: America's Role in the Technetronic Era, in which he described the global society that he and the Illuminati seek to impose:

'The technetronic era involves the gradual appearance of a more controlled society. Such a society would be dominated by an elite, unrestrained by traditional values. Soon it will be possible to assert almost continuous surveillance over every citizen and maintain up-to-date complete files containing even the most personal information about the citizen. These files will be subject to instantaneous retrieval by the authorities.'

He also said in the same book nearly 40 years ago:

'Today we are again witnessing the emergence of transnational elites ... [Whose] ties cut across national boundaries ... It is likely that before long the social elites of most of the more advanced countries will be highly internationalist or globalist in spirit and outlook ... The nation-state is gradually yielding its sovereignty ... Further progress will require greater American sacrifices. More intensive efforts to shape a new world monetary structure will have to be undertaken, with some consequent risk to the present relatively favorable American position.'

And what does his puppet, Obama, now say that Americans have to do to bring about 'change'? 'Make sacrifices'. As Mrs. Demagogue, Michelle, said:

'We need a different leadership because our souls are broken. We need to be inspired ... to make the sacrifices that are needed to push us to a different place.'

You can bet that this will include sacrificing more sovereignty and freedom on the road to the global dictatorship described by Brzezinski for decades.

Brzezinski's son, Mark, was an 'advisor' to the Obama campaign (doing what his father told him) and, in line with the American one-party-state, his other son, Ian, was foreign policy advisor to the McCain campaign (doing what his father told him). His daughter, the Obama-supporting Mika Brzezinski, reported the campaign for MSNBC television.

Obama has been the chosen one for a long time, a fact known only to a few in the deep inner circle, and his relationship with Brzezinski almost certainly goes back to the start of the 1980s when he attended the Ivy League, and big-time Illuminati, Columbia University where Brzezinski was head of the Institute for Communist Affairs. Obama simply will not talk in any detail about this period. He has been covertly funded and supported ever since by the Trilateral Commission and its network of foundations connecting into the Ford Foundation, for whom Obama's mother worked.

And a question: Does anyone really believe that someone, a 'man of the people', would simply appear from apparently nowhere to run the slickest and best-funded presidential campaign in American history? He was chosen long ago by those who wish to enslave the very people that Obama says he wants to 'set free'.

The sources of Obama funding read like a Wall Street Who's Who - Goldman Sachs, UBS, Citigroup, Credit Suisse, Deutsche Bank, J.P. Morgan Chase, Morgan Stanley, and so on. No wonder he went back on his pledge to accept the limitations of public funding for his campaign and instead took the no-limit option of 'private' funding.

And those people are going to support a candidate who does not represent their best interests?? Oh please.

Obama and his seasoned network of professional manipulators, sorry his 'campaign team', sold the lie that he had refused to take funding from 'lobbyists', those who are paid to ensure that politicians frame legislation, or block it, in the interests of their clients.

But like everything that surrounds Obama, past and present, it's a sleight of hand and mouth. They funnelled vast sums of money into the Obama accounts through law firms that represent lobbyists and lobby groups. It provided 'plausible denial' about funding from lobbyists while the money poured in from lobby interests via third parties.

Then there is the Jewish financier, George Soros, the multi-billionaire associate of Brzezinski and closely involved with the funding and marketing of Obama. Soros is a former board member of the Illuminati's Council on Foreign Relations and funds the European Council on Foreign Relations. In short, he is a major insider.

You can certainly see the Soros/Brzezinski techniques in the Obama 'revolution' in the United States. It was the complex and secretive network of Soros foundations and organisations, connected to the intelligence agencies of the US and Israel, that trained and funded students in the Ukraine, Georgia and elsewhere in the art of mass protest and overthrowing governments.

These manufactured protests were sold to the world as 'peoples' revolutions', but it just so happened that when they were over and the old regime was removed the new leaders were those waiting in the wings all along - the puppets of Soros, Brzezinski and their associated networks.

Obama is just more of the same, a big smile with strings attached, and controlled completely by the Illuminati networks that chose him, trained him, sold him and provided his record funding. It was they who kept his many skeletons under wraps, like the gay sex and crack cocaine allegations of Larry Sinclair, and they will continue to do so as long as he jumps to their bidding.

Obama is just another Banksters' moll prostituting himself for fame and power, and that's why he supported the grotesque bail-out of the banking system and why he will always put their interests before the people. His financial advisors are straight from the Wall Street 'A' list, including Paul Adolph Volker (Trilateral Commission, Council on Foreign Relations, Bilderberg Group), the head of the Federal Reserve from 1979 to 1987 and Illuminati to his fingertips.

Obama has made him head of the Economic Recovery Advisory Board, which is dominated by insiders, including its staff director and chief economist, Austan Goolsbee, a close Obama associate from the University of Chicago. Goolsbee is an initiate of the infamous Illuminati Skull and Bones Society at Yale University, which also includes Boy and Father Bush. It was Goolsbee who told the Canadian government not to worry about Obama's attacks on the economic effects of 'free trade' agreements because his words were just to win votes in the election campaign.

Another Wall Street insider, the Zionist Timothy Geithner (Bilderberg Group, Trilateral Commission, Council on Foreign Relations), was appointed by Obama to be his Treasury Secretary. Geithner was the President of the New York Federal Reserve Bank, the most powerful in the private 'Federal' Reserve cartel that masquerades as America's 'central bank', and he is a former employee of both the Council on Foreign Relations and the appalling Kissinger Associates.

Obama's Treasury team locks into the inner circle around the Zionist Robert Rubin, the Director and Senior Counselor of Citigroup, co-chairman of the Council on Foreign Relations, and economic advisor to Obama. Rubin, a member of the Illuminati Bilderberg Group, was the man behind Citigroup's strategy of expanding its risk in debt markets which forced it to be rescued by taxpayers' money.

The very people who caused the financial crisis are being appointed by Obama to decide how to respond to it (more taxpayers' money for them and their friends).

Rubin was Treasury Secretary to Bill Clinton and was followed in that post by Larry Summers (Bilderberg Group, Trilateral Commission, Council on Foreign Relations) - another insider appointed to Obama's team of 'change'. Summers is a fanatical supporter of 'free trade' (freedom to exploit) and 'globalisation' (global dictatorship) and he wrote a memo in 1991, while chief economist to the World Bank, saying that the bank should dump toxic waste in poor countries because the costs of the ensuing ill-health and death would be lower. When the memo was made public, Brazil's then-Secretary of the Environment, Jose Lutzenburger, told Summers:

'Your reasoning is perfectly logical but totally insane ... Your thoughts [provide] a concrete example of the unbelievable alienation, reductionist thinking, social ruthlessness and the arrogant ignorance of many conventional 'economists' concerning the nature of the world we live in ... If the World Bank keeps you as vice president it will lose all credibility. To me it would confirm what I often said ...the best thing that could happen would be for the Bank to disappear.'

Lutzenburger was dismissed shortly after writing this letter while the horrific Summers was made US Treasury Secretary by Bill Clinton and now he has been appointed to head the National Economic Council by Mr. 'change', hope' and 'believe' Obama. It's all a fairy story.

Bloomberg.com reported that the Center for American Progress (CAP), housed just three blocks from the White House, has become a major source for policy initiatives for the Obama Democratic Party. Who funds the Center for American Progress? George Soros.

It is simply the Neocon Project for the New American Century and the American Enterprise Institute under another name. Those two organisations developed and dictated the Bush policy of war and suppression of freedom and the 'CAP' and others like it will do the same for Obama. The CAP will fit and Obama will wear it.

In fact, except in name and rhetoric, there is no difference in theme between the regimes of Bush and Obama. Bush policy was dictated through Illuminati 'think tanks' and so is Obama's.

Bush was surrounded by slavish pursuers of Israeli interests and so is Obama. Mr. 'Change' has pledged his unquestioning support for Israel to the point of 'pass the sick bag' and his vice-president, Joe Biden (Bilderberg Group, Council on Foreign Relations), is a vehement Zionist who makes a virtue of saying he will support Israel in all circumstances.

Obama has appointed the arch Zionist Rahm Emanuel as his chief of staff and another super Zionist Jew, Dennis Ross, to be his Middle East Policy advisor. God help the Palestinians. Ross also served in the Bill Clinton and Father George Bush administrations. Oh, plenty of 'change' there, then.

Rahm Emanuel, a Chicago-born Congressman, is the son of Benjamin M. Emanuel, who was a member of the murderous Jewish terrorist organisation, Irgun, which helped to bomb and terrorise Israel into existence. The Open Secrets website reports that Emanuel was the top House recipient in 2008 for election contributions from 'hedge funds, private equity firms and the larger securities/investment industry'.

Emanuel was also appointed by Bill Clinton to the board of the mortgage giant Freddie Mac in 2000 and his tenure coincided with a stream of scandals and financial irregularities. It famously had to be bailed out by the taxpayer amid the sub-prime mortgage debacle.

Emanuel, like Obama himself, is an asset of the 'Illinois Combine', a cross-party network of politicians and business interests that conspires to manipulate Chicago politics for their own benefit. Even before taking over at the White House Emanuel faced calls for his resignation for alleged connections with the Rod Blagojevich scandal.

In December 2008 Blagojevich, the Illinois governor and associate of Obama, was arrested over a conspiracy involving massive corruption and moves to sell Obama's Senate seat in Chicago made vacant by his election to the presidency. It is yet another example of the staggering web on ongoing and infamous corruption in Chicago by the very networks that spawned Obama.

A close friend of Rahm Emanuel is another clone of the Illinois Combine, the Zionist, David Axelrod, who ran Obama's election campaign and will no doubt be highly influential in the Obama administration. Axelrod is a veteran of Chicago politics, one of the most corrupt political systems in the world and he worked for many Chicago mayors in the 1990s and on Obama's senate campaign in 2004.

Bill Clinton took his Arkansas cabal to Washington when he became president in 1993 and Obama is uploading his Chicago mob and handing them key positions of national power and influence. And these guys don't take prisoners.

All of this may be many things, none of them pleasant, but 'change' it isn't.

David Axelrod, Obama's 'narrator' and handler. Click here for a background article that needs some reading between the lines ...

Obama is a monumental fraud who talks a good story, but lives a very different one. He won his first political office as a state senator in Chicago in 1996, not through the power of his policies, but by coldly abusing the electoral process.

Instead of running against his opponents and letting the people decide, he had his cronies challenge hundreds of names on the nomination papers of his Democratic primary rivals until they were all forced off the ballot by technicalities. He then ran unopposed. One of them, Gha-is Askia, says that Obama's behaviour belied his image as a champion of the little guy and crusader for voter rights:

'Why say you're for a new tomorrow, then do old-style Chicago politics to remove legitimate candidates? He talks about honour and democracy, but what honour is there in getting rid of every other candidate so you can run scot-free? Why not let the people decide?'

Why? Because he would probably have lost and Obama isn't interested in losing by playing fair. He wants to win by any means necessary. The only voter-right he's interested in is the right to vote for him. He has also used his hatchet-men like Axelrod to employ scandal to discredit opponents to ensure his election when the real scandal is the truth about Obama himself.

He is a classically corrupt main-chancer spawned from the Chicago political cesspit. His close connections, therefore, to seriously dodgy 'businessmen' and fraudsters like the now-jailed slum landlord Tony Rezko are exactly what you would expect.

Rezko, yet another snout in the trough of the Illinois Combine, has heavily funded Obama's political career and that of the now-arrested Rod Blagojevich, and in return they have supported massive sums being paid to Rezko by Chicago taxpayers to run 'public housing'.

These properties were then allowed to fall into such a state of danger and disrepair, including sewage running into kitchen sinks, that they were deemed unfit for habitation by the often black poor that Obama was supposed to be representing as a Senator. Some buildings were so bad they had to be demolished.

Rezko also secured appointments for his business associates to state boards and was eventually indicted for using these connections to demand kickbacks from businesses that wanted to do business with the state.

Rezko and Obama toured the $1.6 million mansion in Hyde Park, Chicago, which the Obamas bought at $300,000 below the asking price in 2005 while the Rezkos purchased the adjoining land at the full asking price. Some of this land was later bought by the Obamas. Rezko contributed a quarter of a million dollars to Obama's political career and served on Obama's Senate campaign finance committee, which raised more than $14 million.

Then there is Obama's close association with the terrorists, William Ayers and his wife Bernardine Dohrn. In the late sixties Ayers co-founded the terror organisation called the Weather Underground (also known as the Weathermen and similar derivatives) and launched a campaign of bombing public places like the Pentagon and the Capitol Building. Three members were killed making bombs in Greenwich Village.

In 1970 Ayers was said to have described their philosophy as: 'Kill all the rich people. Break up their cars and apartments. Bring the revolution home, kill your parents, that's where it's really at ...' Mr. Ayers himself comes from the home of 'rich people'.

Bernardine Dohrn said this about the Charles Manson murders: 'Dig it! Manson killed those pigs, then they ate dinner in the same room with them, then they shoved a fork into a victim's stomach.''

William Ayers in 1968.

On the day of 9/11 he told the New York Times that he didn't regret the Weather Underground bombing campaign and believed they didn't do enough.

The case against Ayers and Dohrn was thrown out because of then illegal wire-taps and Ayers is now a professor in the College of Education at the University of Illinois at Chicago, holding the titles of Distinguished Professor of Education and Senior University Scholar.

Ayers recruited Obama to serve as chairman on the $100 million Chicago Annenberg Challenge and they worked together for seven years handing out grants to the 'educational' projects of people like ... William Ayers. They also worked together on another tax-exempt foundation, the Woods Fund in Chicago, which awarded grants to Obama's own Trinity United Church, home to his controversial pastor, Jeremiah Wright.

Obama's political career was effectively launched in 1995, just after he was made chairman of the Annenberg Challenge, at a meeting at the Chicago home of ... William Ayers and Bernardine Dohrn. They have been connected to his circle ever since if the truth be told.

The Chicago Annenberg Challenge, run by Obama and Ayers, didn't fund schools directly, but instead insisted that they affiliate with 'external partners' who were granted the money. These turned out to be far-left 'community organisers' so beloved of Bill Ayers and these groups included the Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now (or Acorn).

Obama also conducted 'leadership training' seminars with Acorn and its members began to become heavily involved in his political campaigns. It has also been behind efforts to 'register voters' (voters most likely to vote for Obama) and Nevada state officials raided Acorn's Las Vegas office after election authorities accused the group of submitting multiple voter registrations with fake and duplicate names.

Among the major funders of Acorn ... George Soros.

Obama even refuses to prove that he was born in the United States and thus qualifies to be President. He claims to have been born in Hawaii, but his grandmother, half-brother and half-sister in Kenya all insist he was born there.

'Mr. Clean' Obama has a deeply dirty background, but for now no scale of evidence will stop the swooning Obama zombies from believing the hype or burst their reality bubble. That is going to take hard experience and it could take some time and a lot of disappointment before they are released from the clutches of cognitive dissonance and have to admit to themselves they have been had.

It is the same for all the black people who voted for what they thought was the first black president when, in truth, he is a man in a black mask representing the interests of the white-faced Illuminati cabal, the very families and networks that ran the slave trade.

I don't want to be the bringer of bad news or the thwarter of dreams, but honesty demands it. The man is a trickster controlled by supertricksters. A sock puppet controlled by bigger sock puppets who serve an even greater and darker evil. To his masters, Obama is just a means to an end and if it suits them to assassinate him to trigger civil war and upheaval in the United States then that is what they will do.

Oh dear Oprah, how will you cope when reality dawns? But, then, will it ever??

'What? You mean you're not the Lord?'

I can understand the appeal of Obama because people want him to be what he claims to be, but isn't. They are sick of the conflict, the corruption, the struggle we call 'life' and they want it all to change. But Obama's change is illusory and represents only the continued transformation of society in the image envisaged by Orwell.

We will see some apparently good things announced, like the closing of Guantanamo, to give the impression that Obama means what he says. But keep your eye on the ball and you'll see how the agenda of the global tyranny is introduced under the guise of Obama's 'hope', 'change', 'believe', 'sacrifice' and 'coming together'.

It could take two years, maybe much more, before cognitive dissonance (lying to yourself) loses it current grip on the minds of the Obama faithful. Until then they will make endless excuses for him (lie to themselves) to keep the 'dream' alive.

But one day they will have to admit, by the power of the evidence before them, that they bought a dream and got a nightmare. What a pity they can't see the obvious now and save them themselves such painful disappointment.

Estudian impedir que los usuarios anónimos modifiquen la Wikipedia en inglés

Fuente:

http://www.libertaddigital.com/internet/estudian-impedir-que-los-usuarios-anonimos-modifiquen-la-wikipedia-en-ingles-1276349223/

Información:

Logotipo de Wikipedia

SUS APORTACIONES SE REVISARÍAN PREVIAMENTE

Estudian impedir que los usuarios anónimos modifiquen la Wikipedia en inglés

Mientras se celebraba la investidura de Barack Obama, el senador Ted Keneddy se desmayó. En la Wikipedia, sin embargo, se podía leer que tanto él como el también senador Robert Byrd habían muerto. Ha sido la gota que ha colmado el vaso de la paciencia del fundador de Wikipedia.

LD (Daniel Rodríguez Herrera) La Wikipedia se ha convertido en los últimos años en un portal de consulta y obtención fiable de información. Una de las características que han permitido a la enciclopedia online convertirse en uno de los lugares más visitados de internet es que cualquier usuario puede modificar sus contenidos, lo que ha posibilitado una expansión sin precedentes de la información que alberga. Pero esa fortaleza también tiene su punto débil: la facilidad con que se puede poner información falsa.

Hace unos días, se podía leer en Wikipedia que los senadores Ted Kennedy y Robert Byrd habían muerto el día de la investidura de Obama. Lo cierto es que el primero de ellos se desmayó durante la comida que ese día celebró el ahora presidente con los miembros del Congreso, y el segundo abandonó la sala sin sufrir problemas de salud poco después. Este hecho ha colmado la paciencia del fundador de Wikipedia, Jimmy Wales, que ha propuesto adoptar para la versión en inglés de la enciclopedia online un proceso editorial conocido como Flagged Revisions, que aumentaría los filtros de seguridad.

En el nuevo proceso las aportaciones hechas por usuarios anónimos no se añadirían directamente a Wikipedia, sino que deberían esperar a que un "usuario fiable" le dé el visto bueno. Y ahí reside un punto débil que el propio Wales reconoce. La versión en alemán de la enciclopedia emplea este sistema desde el pasado verano y las aportaciones de usuarios anónimos tardan de media tres semanas en ser revisadas. Wales espera que en inglés se pueda reducir a una semana o menos, porque sólo una parte de la enciclopedia estaría protegida por este proceso editorial.

Otros usuarios no están de acuerdo y destacan que los errores sobre los senadores se corrigieron en cinco minutos, lo que parece un dato positivo. Sin embargo, Wales quiere que se ofrezca una alternativa en una semana o pondrá en marcha el nuevo sistema.

La activación de este nuevo proceso editorial acercaría a Wikipedia a la Enciclopedia Británica, que permite a los usuarios editar los artículos pero que no aprueba las modificaciones automáticamente, sino que deben ser revisados antes por un editor.